Part IXA: The Municipalities

Article 243R: Composition of Municipalities

Original Article:

Article 243R outlines the composition of Municipalities, specifying that seats are filled through direct elections, with additional provisions for expert and legislative representation.

Amendments:

This Article was introduced as part of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, to strengthen urban governance.

Explanation:

Article 243R ensures democratic representation in urban local bodies while enabling the inclusion of experts and legislators to enhance governance.

Clause-by-Clause Explanation:

1. Direct Election: All seats in a Municipality are to be filled by direct elections from territorial constituencies known as wards.
2. State Legislature's Authority: State Legislatures can include experts and legislative representatives, ensuring comprehensive governance.

Legislative History:

Article 243R was introduced to democratize urban governance and ensure inclusive representation in Municipalities.

Real-life Examples:

• In Mumbai, local residents directly elect councilors for each ward, ensuring democratic representation in the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai.
• In Delhi, legislators representing constituencies within the Municipal area participate in governance to ensure coordination between state and local levels.

Debates and Deliberations:

During discussions on the 74th Amendment:

• Mr. Arun Jaitley emphasized the importance of direct elections for accountability.
• Ms. Mamata Banerjee advocated for the inclusion of experts to address urban challenges.
• Dr. Karan Singh highlighted the need for legislators' involvement to bridge state and local governance.